Is Sign Language Universal? Understanding Diversity in Signed Communication

Introduction

Many people assume that sign language is a single, universal form of communication. However, this is a misconception. Sign language, like spoken language, is shaped by regional, cultural, and social factors, leading to a rich diversity of sign languages around the world. This article explores why sign language is not universal, how different sign languages develop, and what you need to know to effectively access and use sign language resources.

Why Sign Language Is Not Universal

Contrary to popular belief, there is no single, universal sign language. In fact, linguistic research estimates that there are between 138 and 300 distinct sign languages worldwide, each with its own grammar, vocabulary, and usage conventions [1] . Just as English, French, and Chinese are separate spoken languages, American Sign Language (ASL), British Sign Language (BSL), and Japanese Sign Language (JSL) are all unique and not mutually intelligible [2] . This diversity exists because sign languages evolve naturally within Deaf communities in different regions and cultures.

How Sign Languages Develop

Sign languages develop organically, often influenced by local culture, history, and the needs of Deaf communities. For example, French Sign Language (LSF) is one of the oldest sign languages and has influenced the development of other sign languages, including ASL and Brazilian Sign Language [1] . Regional sign languages can also develop unique dialects or variations, such as Black ASL in the United States, which has its own distinct vocabulary and grammar reflecting the experiences of Black Deaf Americans.

Examples of Different Sign Languages

Some of the most widely recognized sign languages include:

• American Sign Language (ASL): Used in the United States and parts of Canada.
• British Sign Language (BSL): Used in the United Kingdom. It is not mutually intelligible with ASL.
• Auslan (Australian Sign Language): Used in Australia.
• French Sign Language (LSF): Used in France, and has influenced many other sign languages worldwide.
• Japanese Sign Language (JSL): Used in Japan, with its own unique structure and signs.
• Brazilian Sign Language (Libras): Used in Brazil.

Each of these languages has its own system of signs, grammar, and idiomatic expressions. Even within the same country, there may be regional dialects or community-specific variations [3] .

Why Understanding Sign Language Diversity Matters

Recognizing that sign language is not universal is essential for several reasons:

• Effective Communication: Using the correct sign language for a specific region or community ensures clear and respectful communication.
• Access to Resources: Learning and accessing resources in the appropriate sign language supports inclusion in education, employment, healthcare, and public services.
• Cultural Respect: Understanding the linguistic and cultural richness of Deaf communities promotes respect and reduces misunderstandings.

For those interested in learning or using sign language, it is important to identify which sign language is used in your area or by the community you wish to engage with [4] .

How to Access Sign Language Resources

Because sign language is not universal, accessing the right resources requires some research and awareness. Here are actionable steps to help you get started:

1. Identify the Sign Language in Use: Determine which sign language is used in your country or by your target community. For example, in the U.S., ASL is the primary sign language, while in the U.K., it is BSL.
2. Find Reputable Learning Platforms: Look for established organizations, local Deaf associations, or universities that offer courses in the specific sign language you want to learn. Many organizations provide online and in-person classes.
3. Use Verified Online Resources: Some websites and apps offer free or paid sign language lessons, dictionaries, and video tutorials. Always verify the authenticity and reputation of these sources. For ASL resources, you can use the American Sign Language University site ( lifeprint.com ) and for BSL, the British Deaf Association ( bda.org.uk ) is a reputable source. If you are unsure about a resource, search for reviews or recommendations from Deaf organizations.
4. Connect With Local Deaf Communities: Local Deaf organizations and community centers often host events, workshops, or social gatherings where you can practice and learn sign language directly from native users. Search for “Deaf community centers” or “Deaf associations” in your city or region.
5. Consult Educational Institutions: Many colleges and universities offer sign language programs or interpreter training. Contact their language or linguistics departments for information about available courses and certifications.

If you are unable to find the exact resource you need, consider reaching out directly to national organizations such as the National Association of the Deaf (for the U.S.) or the World Federation of the Deaf for guidance.

Potential Challenges and Solutions

One major challenge is the misconception that knowing one sign language allows you to communicate globally. This can lead to confusion or frustration when traveling or interacting with Deaf individuals from different regions. To overcome this, always clarify which sign language is being used and do not assume mutual understanding.

Another challenge is the lack of standardized resources in some regions, especially where local sign languages are endangered or have limited documentation [3] . In such cases, connecting with local Deaf organizations or community leaders can provide guidance and help you access or contribute to preservation efforts.

Alternative Approaches: International Sign

In international settings, a system called International Sign (IS) is sometimes used. While not a fully developed language, IS incorporates elements from various sign languages and is used at international Deaf events and conferences. However, fluency in IS is limited, and it is not a substitute for learning the native sign language of a particular region. For most practical purposes, learning the local sign language is the most effective approach.

Source: alamy.com

Real-World Examples

Consider a traveler from the United States who knows ASL and visits the United Kingdom. Despite both countries using English as a spoken language, ASL and BSL are entirely different. The traveler would need to learn basic BSL signs to communicate effectively with the local Deaf community [2] . Similarly, educators and service providers must ensure they are using the correct sign language for their audience.

Source: signadvertising.in

Step-by-Step Guide to Getting Started

1. Determine which sign language is used in your area or by your intended community.
2. Search for local Deaf associations or organizations for authoritative information and beginner resources.
3. Verify online resources by checking their affiliations with established Deaf organizations or educational institutions.
4. Enroll in an introductory course through a university, community college, or reputable online platform.
5. Practice regularly with native signers, either in-person or through virtual meetups.
6. Continue learning about Deaf culture and the history of sign language to deepen your understanding.

If you are searching for a specific sign language resource, use search engines with terms like “learn [name of sign language]” or “sign language classes near me,” and always verify the credibility of the providers.

Summary and Key Takeaways

Sign language is not universal. With over 300 distinct sign languages worldwide, each has evolved to meet the needs of its local Deaf community. To communicate effectively and access relevant resources, it is crucial to identify and learn the specific sign language used in your region or by your intended audience. Always verify the legitimacy of educational materials, connect with local Deaf organizations, and respect the linguistic diversity of the global Deaf community. For more information, consult national Deaf associations or reputable educational institutions in your area.

References

• [1] Hand Talk (2023). Is ASL universal? How was it created and why is it important?
• [2] Start ASL (2021). Sign Languages of the World – ASL is NOT Universal
• [3] Wikipedia (2023). Sign language
• [4] ASL Bloom (2024). Is Sign Language Universal?